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HRWhat are the causes of lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition that affects a significant portion of the global population. It occurs when the body cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. This inability stems from insufficient production of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine. While many are familiar with its symptoms, such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, understanding what are the causes of lactose intolerance provides valuable insights into managing this condition effectively.
Primary causes of lactose intolerance
The root causes of lactose intolerance are diverse, often influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Below are the main contributors:
- Genetic predisposition Lactose intolerance is often inherited. It is most prevalent in populations with a historical tendency to reduce dairy consumption after infancy. As individuals age, the production of lactase naturally decreases, a process known as lactase non-persistence. This genetic predisposition is one of the primary reasons why lactose intolerance is caused by reduced enzyme activity in adulthood.
- Developmental lactose intolerance During infancy, lactase production is typically sufficient to support the digestion of milk. However, in some cases, children experience a gradual decline in lactase production. This decline leads to what is termed developmental lactose intolerance. It can occur at varying rates depending on genetic background and dietary habits.
- Secondary lactose intolerance Unlike primary lactose intolerance, secondary lactose intolerance develops due to an underlying condition that affects the small intestine. Infections, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or gastrointestinal surgeries can damage the intestinal lining, leading to a reduction in lactase enzyme production. Identifying and treating these underlying conditions can sometimes restore lactase levels.
- Congenital lactase deficiency A rare but severe form of lactose intolerance, congenital lactase deficiency, occurs when infants are born with little to no lactase enzyme production. This condition is genetic and requires immediate dietary modifications to ensure proper nutrition.
When does lactose intolerance start?
Lactose intolerance can manifest at various stages of life. For many, symptoms begin in adolescence or early adulthood as lactase production declines. However, developmental lactose intolerance may start as early as late childhood. For some, lactose intolerance is caused by temporary gastrointestinal illnesses or infections that can resolve over time.
Can lactose intolerance be developed later in life?
While many cases are hereditary, it is possible to develop lactose intolerance later in life. Factors such as aging, prolonged abstinence from dairy, or gastrointestinal illnesses can lead to decreased lactase enzyme production. This often surprises individuals who previously tolerated dairy without issues.
Factors contributing to developing lactose intolerance
- Ethnicity: Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of Asian, African, Native American, and Mediterranean descent.
- Dietary habits: Long-term avoidance of dairy can reduce lactase enzyme activity, potentially leading to symptoms upon reintroducing dairy products.
- Medical conditions: Diseases affecting the gut lining, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, are significant contributors to secondary lactose intolerance.
Understanding the science
The digestion of lactose involves its breakdown into glucose and galactose by the enzyme lactase. These simpler sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream. In individuals with low lactase levels, lactose remains undigested, leading to fermentation by gut bacteria. This process produces gas, bloating, and other symptoms.
Managing lactose intolerance
Awareness of what are the causes of lactose intolerance is the first step in managing the condition. Here are strategies to reduce its impact:
Consult a healthcare provider to rule out secondary causes and to develop a tailored dietary plan.
Dietary adjustments
Opt for lactose-free dairy products or plant-based alternatives.
Experiment with low-lactose foods like hard cheeses and yogurt, which are often better tolerated.
Lactase enzyme supplements
These supplements aid in breaking down lactose and can be taken before consuming dairy.
Probiotics
Certain probiotics may enhance the gut’s ability to digest lactose.
Seek professional guidance
if you suspect lactose intolerance but are not yet certain, take the intolerance test. The intolerance test can give you useful insights and tips when dealing with a food intolerance.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.