Fructose allergy

Fructose allergy: separating fact from fiction

Understanding the difference between a food allergy and intolerance is key to exploring the concept of a “fructose allergy.” A food allergy triggers an immune system reaction, where the body misidentifies certain proteins as harmful, leading to symptoms such as hives, swelling, or even anaphylaxis. Intolerance, on the other hand, stems from the body’s inability to process certain components of food due to enzyme deficiencies, causing digestive discomfort without involving the immune system.

Is fructose allergy real?

Despite the term “fructose allergy” being commonly used, it is technically a misnomer. Unlike food allergies that involve the immune system, fructose-related issues, such as fructose malabsorption or hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), occur due to the body’s inability to metabolize fructose effectively. These conditions result from enzymatic deficiencies rather than allergic reactions. Hereditary fructose intolerance, for instance, involves a genetic deficiency of the enzyme aldolase B, which is crucial for metabolizing fructose in the liver.

Symptoms of fructose-related disorders

Fructose malabsorption and hereditary fructose intolerance can produce symptoms that may mimic those of allergies, leading to confusion. Common symptoms include:

• Gastrointestinal distress: bloating, diarrhea, and gas.
• Fatigue: due to nutrient malabsorption.
• Nausea or vomiting: particularly in hereditary fructose intolerance when trigger foods are consumed.

If left unmanaged, hereditary fructose intolerance can lead to more severe complications, including hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, and kidney damage.

Trigger foods to watch out for

Fructose is naturally present in a variety of foods, particularly:

• Fruits: apples, pears, and cherries.
• Vegetables: asparagus, artichokes, and certain root vegetables.
• Sweeteners: honey, high-fructose corn syrup, and agave nectar.

Processed foods often contain hidden sources of fructose, including some breads, sauces, and snack bars. It’s vital to read food labels carefully if fructose intolerance is a concern.

Management strategies for fructose intolerance

Managing fructose intolerance involves dietary modifications and, in some cases, supplementation:

Consultation with a dietitian can provide a tailored approach to meet nutritional needs while avoiding symptoms.

Dietary adjustments:

Limit high-fructose foods: Replace with alternatives low in fructose or those containing glucose, which aids fructose absorption.

Monitor portion sizes: Even tolerable foods may cause symptoms if consumed in large quantities.

Enzyme supplementation

Xylose Isomerase: This enzyme helps convert fructose into glucose, making it easier to digest. Supplements containing xylose isomerase can increase dietary flexibility.*

Professional Guidance:

You can read more about the topic in our knowledge bank or you can contact one of our dieticians for personalized advice. If you’re facing symptoms and don’t know where they come from, you can take the intolerance test for more information:

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.